Side Effects of Ursodiol (Urso, Actigall)
Ursodiol is a bile acid used to dissolve certain types of gallstones and to treat primary biliary cirrhosis. It works by decreasing the production of cholesterol and breaking down the cholesterol that forms gallstones. While it is generally well-tolerated, ursodiol can cause side effects, which vary in severity.
Common Side Effects:
- Diarrhea:
- Diarrhea is one of the most commonly reported side effects of ursodiol. It occurs as the medication affects bile acid metabolism, which can impact digestion.
- Nausea and Vomiting:
- Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting, particularly when starting the medication.
- Constipation:
- Conversely, some users may report constipation, likely due to changes in digestion and bile acid secretion.
- Indigestion:
- Indigestion, heartburn, or bloating can occur, especially when taking ursodiol in combination with other medications.
- Headache:
- Mild headaches may be experienced, especially when starting treatment.
- Dizziness:
- Some individuals report dizziness or lightheadedness after taking ursodiol.
Less Common but Serious Side Effects:
- Severe Abdominal Pain:
- If you experience severe abdominal pain, especially in the upper right part of the stomach, this could be a sign of worsening liver or gallbladder conditions, and immediate medical attention is necessary.
- Liver Dysfunction:
- Although rare, ursodiol can cause liver damage in some individuals. Symptoms of liver issues include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, severe fatigue, or upper abdominal pain.
- Allergic Reactions:
- Rarely, some individuals may experience an allergic reaction to ursodiol, with symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling of the face or throat, or difficulty breathing.
Monitoring:
- Liver function tests are often required periodically during treatment with ursodiol to monitor for any signs of liver damage.
- Regular blood tests may be necessary to ensure the medication is not adversely affecting bile duct function or liver enzymes.
Who Should Avoid Ursodiol?
- Individuals with severe liver disease or biliary obstruction should consult their healthcare provider before starting ursodiol, as it may not be suitable in these conditions.
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