Side Effects of Wellbutrin (Bupropion)
Wellbutrin (bupropion) is an antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). It is also used as an aid to quit smoking (under the brand name Zyban). Unlike many antidepressants, Wellbutrin works differently by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, rather than serotonin. Although it is generally well-tolerated, Wellbutrin can cause various side effects.
Common Side Effects:
- Insomnia:
- Difficulty sleeping is one of the most common side effects of Wellbutrin. It is usually recommended to take the medication early in the day to minimize this effect.
- Dry Mouth:
- Many people report dry mouth, which can be managed by staying hydrated or using sugar-free gum or lozenges.
- Headache:
- Headaches are a frequent complaint, especially during the first few weeks of treatment.
- Nausea and Vomiting:
- Some individuals experience nausea, vomiting, or upset stomach, particularly when first starting the medication.
- Dizziness:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness can occur, especially if the individual is dehydrated or stands up too quickly.
- Increased Sweating:
- Excessive sweating is another common side effect, particularly during periods of physical activity or in hot environments.
- Weight Loss:
- Wellbutrin is often associated with weight loss, which makes it different from many other antidepressants that can cause weight gain. This effect can be beneficial for some individuals but may be unwanted for others.
- Tremors:
- Shakiness or tremors may occur in some users, especially at higher doses.
Serious Side Effects:
- Seizures:
- Wellbutrin carries a risk of seizures, particularly in people with certain risk factors (such as a history of seizures or eating disorders). The risk is dose-dependent, so higher doses increase the likelihood of seizures.
- Suicidal Thoughts:
- Like many antidepressants, Wellbutrin may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults, particularly when first starting the medication or adjusting the dose. Monitoring for mood changes is essential.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):
- Wellbutrin can increase blood pressure, especially in individuals who already have high blood pressure or those taking nicotine replacement products (for smoking cessation).
- Allergic Reactions:
- Rarely, Wellbutrin can cause severe allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Immediate medical attention is required if these symptoms occur.
- Manic or Hypomanic Episodes:
- Wellbutrin can trigger manic or hypomanic episodes in people with bipolar disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder should be closely monitored when taking this medication.
Long-Term Use Considerations:
- Anxiety:
- While Wellbutrin is sometimes prescribed for anxiety, it can also cause increased anxiety in some individuals, particularly at higher doses.
- Heart Palpitations:
- Some users report experiencing heart palpitations or a rapid heartbeat.
- Tinnitus:
- Wellbutrin has been linked to ringing in the ears (tinnitus) in some cases, though this is a less common side effect.
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