what are the side effects of naproxen?

Side Effects of Naproxen

Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain, inflammation, and stiffness associated with conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, and headaches. Like all medications, naproxen can cause side effects, ranging from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects:

1. Gastrointestinal Issues:
   • Stomach pain: Naproxen can cause stomach upset, especially when taken on an empty stomach.
   • Heartburn: Many users report acid reflux or heartburn.
   • Nausea: Feeling nauseous is common, and sometimes accompanied by vomiting.
   • Constipation or diarrhea: Digestive disturbances can vary.
2. Drowsiness and Dizziness:
   • Drowsiness or dizziness can occur, so it’s important to avoid driving or operating machinery if these symptoms arise.
3. Headache:
   • Paradoxically, naproxen may cause headaches in some individuals, despite being used to treat pain.
4. Skin Rash:
   • Some individuals experience a mild rash or itching as a reaction to the medication.

Serious Side Effects:

1. Gastrointestinal Bleeding or Ulcers:
   • Long-term use or high doses of naproxen can lead to serious gastrointestinal issues such as stomach ulcers, bleeding, and perforation. Symptoms may include black, tarry stools or vomit that looks like coffee grounds. This requires immediate medical attention.
2. Increased Risk of Heart Attack or Stroke:
   • Naproxen may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke, especially with long-term use, high doses, or in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
3. Kidney Problems:
   • Prolonged use can harm the kidneys, leading to kidney dysfunction or failure. Symptoms include decreased urination, swelling in the feet or ankles, and fatigue.
4. Liver Damage:
   • Rarely, naproxen can cause liver damage. Signs include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or upper abdominal pain.
5. Allergic Reactions:
   • Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) are rare but possible, with symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and hives.
6. High Blood Pressure:
   • Naproxen can lead to increased blood pressure, especially in people who already have hypertension.

Who Should Avoid Naproxen?

• Individuals with a history of stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney disease, liver disease, or heart disease should use naproxen cautiously or avoid it altogether.
• Pregnant women in the third trimester should avoid naproxen due to potential risks to the fetus.

Tips to Minimize Side Effects:

• Take naproxen with food or milk to reduce the risk of stomach upset.
• Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible to minimize risks.
• Avoid alcohol and smoking, as they increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

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